1. What are the two Greek words that form the term 'Philosophy'?
A. Ethos and Mos
B. Philos and Sophia
C. Ethos and Sophia
D. Philos and Mos
Explanation: Philosophy is derived from 'Philos' meaning love and 'Sophia' meaning wisdom.
2. Which of the following is NOT listed as a reason why rules are important?
A. Rules organize relations between individuals
B. Rules guarantee absolute financial wealth for everyone
C. Rules provide opportunity to achieve personal and societal goals
D. Rules regulate various social institutions to fulfill integral roles
Explanation: Rules are important for organizing relations and achieving goals, not for guaranteeing absolute financial wealth.
3. How do morals differ from ethics according to the provided text?
A. Morals are dictated by society, culture, or religion, while ethics are chosen by the person under right reason.
B. Morals remain the same everywhere, while ethics vary from culture to culture.
C. Morals deal with good and evil, while ethics deal strictly with what is right or wrong.
D. Morals are expressed in statements, while ethics are translated into explicit actions.
Explanation: Morals are dictated by society, culture, or religion whereas ethics are chosen by the individual using right reason.
4. Which characteristic is part of the six characteristics that differentiate moral standards from non-moral standards?
A. They are always established by local authority figures.
B. They involve serious wrongs or significant benefits.
C. They are completely based on personal taste or preference.
D. They avoid association with special emotions like guilt.
Explanation: Moral standards specifically involve serious wrongs or significant benefits unlike non-moral standards.
5. In the context of different types of dilemmas, which dilemma involves choosing between immediate benefit and long-term benefit?
A. Classic Dilemma
B. Temporal Dilemma
C. Orthogonal Dilemma
D. Sequential Dilemma
Explanation: A temporal dilemma specifically addresses present satisfaction versus future responsibility.
6. What type of moral dilemma happens within a group, company, or institution where a person must choose between company rules and doing what is morally right?
A. Personal Moral Dilemma
B. Organizational Moral Dilemma
C. Systemic Moral Dilemma
D. Sequential Moral Dilemma
Explanation: An organizational moral dilemma occurs in a workplace or group setting between rules and ethics.
7. Who famously stated that 'Morality was based on reason alone, and once we understood it, we would see that acting morally is the same as acting rationally'?
A. Aristotle
B. Plato
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Bryan Chester Cruz
Explanation: Immanuel Kant is credited with the quote linking morality based on reason to rational action.
8. Under the strengths of the Filipino character, what does 'Utang na loob' refer to?
A. Sensitivity to people's feelings
B. A sense of gratitude
C. The feeling of closeness to one another
D. Basic sense of justice and fairness
Explanation: Utang na loob is defined under pakikipagkapwa-tao as a sense of gratitude.
9. Which of the following is identified as a weakness of the Filipino character involving the preference for foreign things and lack of patriotism?
A. Extreme Personalism
B. Colonial Mentality
C. Kanya-kanya Syndrome
D. Ningas-kugon
Explanation: Colonial Mentality refers to the lack of patriotism and actual preference for foreign things.
10. What does the Filipino negative value 'Ningas-kugon' mean?
A. Procrastination or waiting for deadlines
B. Preventing someone from achieving something due to envy
C. Initial great enthusiasm that fades away just as quickly
D. An attitude of 'what goes around, comes around'
Explanation: Ningas-kugon illustrates how individuals exhibit great enthusiasm at the beginning which fades away quickly.